Email   Home Page


Google
 
Web www.bcae1.com
www.bcot1.com

 

Light Emitting Diodes (LED):
An LED is a special semiconductor which emits light when current is passed through it. There are many different physical styles. The emitted color spectrum is usually very narrow. It can generally be specified as a specific wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. The emitted color selection is somewhat limited. The most commonly available colors are red, green, amber, yellow, blue and white. The red, green, yellow and amber have a working voltage of approximately 1.8 volts. You can refer to the data sheet for each LED to find the exact value. The actual working voltage is determined by the breakdown voltage of the particular semiconductor material.

When using an LED in a circuit, the exact working voltage is not extremely important. The most important thing is the current flow through the LED. The current through the diode must be limited by a series resistor. An LED has a specified maximum continuous current rating. Most LEDs can pass 20 milliamps continuously without damage but it is not necessary to use the maximum rated current. An LED will light with much less current. The difference between high current and low current will be the brightness of the LED. To decide what resistor value is needed, you subtract the working (forward) voltage from the power supply voltage and divide that number by the desired current flow.

Working voltage (Vf)=1.8 volts

Desired current flow=15ma (.015 amps)
Power supply voltage=12 volts

12-1.8=10.2
10.2/.015=680 ohms

Supply Voltage? DC Volts
LED Forward Voltage? Volts
Desired Current? Milliamps
Number of LEDs?  
Resistor Value: Ohms
Resistor Power Dissipation: Watts
If you have more than 1 led above, the connection must be a series connection. If resistor value or power dissipation is negative, you have too many LEDs in series.

A 680 ohm resistor will limit the current to a safe level although I would probably use a 1000 ohm in a vehicle because the charging system voltage would be higher than 12 volts. Any resistor between 680 and 4700 ohms would probably work fine. Choose a resistor with a power rating greater than or equal to the power dissipation given by the calculator above.


The diagram below shows the parts of an LED.

led4.gif

You must also know that an led has polarity. This means that the positive and negative terminals must be connected correctly for it to operate properly. As you see in the diagram below, if the polarity is reversed, the LED will NOT light. If the reverse voltage is beyond what the LED was designed to handle, it may be damaged. Click on the 2 buttons in the demo below to see the LED operation with either polarity.


The picture below shows a few different styles.

Assorted LEDs



  If you are somewhat intimidated by computers or simply want to know a little more about them, click the banner below to visit my computer tutorial site.


http://www.bcot1.com/

  If you interested in photography or insects/spiders, click the banner below to visit my macro-photography site.


http://www.bmpt1.com/


 

Click HERE to visit a friend's new car audio tech site.

backward
If you find a problem with this page or feel that some part of it needs clarification, E-mail me.

This is a link to this site's home page.

forward